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On Linux, I want to send a command string (i.e. some data) to a serial port (containing control characters), and listen to the response (which also usually might contain control characters).

How can I do this as simplest as possible on Linux? An example is appreciated!

5 Answers

All devices on Unix are mapped to a device file, the serial ports would be /dev/ttyS0/dev/ttyS1 .. .

First have a look at the permissions on that file, lets assume you are using /dev/ttyS1.

ls -l /dev/ttyS1

You will want read.write access, if this is a shared system then you should consider the security consequences of opening it up for everyone.

A very simple crude method to write to the file, would use the simple echo command.

and to read

You can have cat running in one terminal, and echo in a 2nd.

If everything is gibberish, then baud rate, bit settings might need setting before you start sending. stty will do that. !! NOTE stty will use stdin as default file descriptor to affect.

Equivalent commands.

This might be enough for you to script something and log ? Not sure what you are trying to achieve.

For a more interactive, remembers your default settings approach would be to useminicom it is just a program which does everything I've mentioned so far. (similar to hyperterminal in Windows, you might be familiar).

An intermediate solution, would use a terminal program like screen which will work on a serial device.

man screenman minicomman stty for more information

All you have to do is open two terminals. In the first terminal you cat everything from the device, e.g.

in the other terminal, you can send arbitrary hex characters and text to the terminal e.g. as follows:

The echo -e command enables the interpretation of backslash escapes.

One has to make sure of course that (i) the serial settings (speed, word length, flow ctrl, etc) are correct and (ii) the serial device (on the other end) is not blocking.

Programs that talk to serial devices:

or from shell you can do:

You can read and write to a device simulataneously like so:

Your message is sent to the second cat from stdin, and the first cat relays the response to stdout, turning your terminal into a chatroom.

To finish up, ctrl-c, then run fg then ctrl-c again.

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An Arch Linux machine can be configured for connections via the serial console port, which enables administration of a machine even if it has no keyboard, mouse, monitor, or network attached to it.

Installation of Arch Linux is possible via the serial console as well.

A basic environment for this scenario is two machines connected using a serial cable (9-pin connector cable).The administering machine can be any Unix/Linux or Windows machine with a terminal emulator program (PuTTY or Minicom, for example).

The configuration instructions below will enable boot loader menu selection, boot messages, and terminal forwarding to the serial console.

• 1Configure console access on the target machine
  • 1.1Boot loader
• 2Making Connections
  • 2.1Connect using a terminal emulator program
    • 2.1.1Command line
• 4Troubleshooting

Configure console access on the target machine

Boot loader

GRUB

When using GRUB with a generated grub.cfg, edit /etc/defaults/grub and enable serial input and output support:

Next add the GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND variable and set the options for the serial connection. For COM1 (/dev/ttyS0) with baud rate of 115200 bit/s:

Read GRUB's manual on Using GRUB via a serial line and the serial command for detailed explanation of the available options.

GRUB Legacy

Edit the GRUB Legacy configuration file /boot/grub/menu.lst and add these lines to the general area of the configuration:

rEFInd

rEFInd supports serial console only in text mode. Edit refind.conf and uncomment textonly.

Syslinux

To enable serial console in Syslinux, edit syslinux.cfg and add SERIAL as the first directive in the configuration file.

For COM1 (/dev/ttyS0) with baud rate of 115200 bit/s:

The serial parameters are hardcoded to 8 bits, no parity and 1 stop bit.[1]. Read Syslinux Wiki:Config#SERIAL for the directive's options.

Kernel

Kernel's output can be sent to serial console by setting the console=kernel parameter. The last specified console= will be set as /dev/console.

See https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst.

getty

At boot, systemd-getty-generator(8) will start a getty instance for each console specified in the kernel command line.

If you have not configured console= in kernel command line startserial-getty@device.service. For /dev/ttyS0 (COM1) that would be serial-getty@ttyS0.service. Enable the service to start it at boot.

Unless specified otherwise in the kernel command line, getty will be expecting 38400 bit/s baud rate, 8 data bits, no parity and one stop bit-times.

Making Connections

Linux Serial Terminal Program Windows 7

Connect using a terminal emulator program

Perform these steps on the machine used to connect the remote console.

Command line

dterm

dterm^AUR is a tiny serial communication program. If you invoke it without parameters, it will connect to /dev/ttyS0 at 9600 baud by default. The following example connect to /dev/ttyS0 at 115200 baud, with 8 data bits, no parity bit and 1 stop bit-times:

See its homepage[2] for more examples.

Minicom

minicom can be obtained from the official repositories. Start Minicom in setup mode:

Using the textual navigation menu, change the serial port settings to the following:

Press Enter to exit the menus (pressing Esc will not save changes).Remove the modem Init and Reset strings, as we are not connecting to a modem. To do this, under the Modem and Dialing menu, delete the Init and Reset strings. Optionally save the configuration by choosing save setup as dfl from the main menu.Restart minicom with the serial cable connected to the target machine.To end the session, press Ctrl+A followed by Ctrl+X.

picocom

picocom is a tiny dumb-terminal emulation program that is very like minicom, but instead of mini, it is pico. The following example connect to ttyS0 at 9600 bps:

See its manual for detailed usage.

Screen

GNU Screen is able to connect to a serial port. It will connect at 9600 baud by default:

A different baud rate (e.g. 115200) may be specified on the command line.

To end the session, press Ctrl+a followed by K. Alternatively, press Ctrl+a, type :quit and confirm it by pressing Enter.

Serialclient

Serialclient[3] is a CLI client for serial connection written in ruby. Install it with the following:

Then, you can use like this:

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And, for Windows

On Windows machines, connect to the serial port using programs like PuTTY[4] or Terminalbpp[5].

Graphical front-ends

Linux Serial Port Terminal Program

cutecom^AUR is another gui enabled serial monitor.

Linux Serial Terminal Client

putty is also available for Linux.

moserial is a gtk-based serial terminal, primarily intended for technical users and hardware hackers who need to communicate with embedded systems, test equipment, and serial consoles.

Installing Arch Linux using the serial console

1. Connect to the target machine using the method described above.
2. Boot the target machine using the Arch Linux installation CD.
3. When the bootloader appears, select Boot Arch Linux (<arch>) and press Tab to edit
4. Append console=ttyS0,38400 and press Enter.
5. Now systemd should detect ttyS0 and spawn a serial getty on it. Login as root and start the installation as usual.

Troubleshooting

Ctrl-C and Minicom

If you are having trouble sending a Control-C command through minicom you need to switch off hardware flow control in the device settings (minicom -s), which then enables the break.

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Resizing a terminal

Unlike ssh, serial connections do not have a mechanism to transfer something like SIGWINCH when a terminal is resized. This can cause weird problems with some full-screen programs (e.g. less) when you resize your terminal emulator's window.

Sony ericsson cell phones. Resizing the terminal via stty is a workaround:

However, this requires you to manually input the proper geometry. The following methods should be simpler.

1. There is a lesser-known utility called resize, shipped with xterm, that can solve this problem. Invoke it without parameters after you resize the terminal emulator's window:

2. If you don't want to install xterm, it is possible to do the same work via a shell function. Put the following function into your zshrc and invoke it without parameters after resizing the terminal emulator's window:

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